题名: | 民族互嵌视域下我国民族自治地方散居少数民族权益保障研究 ——以延边朝鲜族自治州为例 |
作者: | |
学号: | 2017001007 |
保密级别: | 保密3年内公开 |
语种: | chi |
学科代码: | 030401 |
学科: | 法学 - 民族学 |
学生类型: | 博士 |
学位: | 法学博士 |
学校: | 延边大学 |
院系: | |
专业: | |
导师姓名: | |
导师单位: | |
完成日期: | 2024-08-04 |
答辩日期: | 2024-08-02 |
外文题名: | Research on the Protection of Rights of Diaspora Minorities in National Autonomous Areas of China from the Perspective of Ethnic Inter-embeddedness --Taking Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as an Example |
关键词: | |
外文关键词: | ethnic inter-embedding demographic diasporization diaspora minorities legal system rights and interests protection |
摘要: |
我国散居少数民族问题研究由来已久,学界通常将散居少数民族界定为居住在非民族自治地方的少数民族,以及居住在民族自治地方的未实行民族区域自治的少数民族。伴随着城市化进程的发展以及少数民族人口流动,我国开始关注散居少数民族群体特别是生活在城市里的散居少数民族权益保障问题。此外,有关我国民族乡相关问题的讨论也涉及了散居少数民族的权益保障。目前随着我国民族人口分布格局的不断演变,以及国家构建各民族相互嵌入式社会工作的逐步开展,未来民族自治地方的散居少数民族群体必将日益壮大,所以采取措施保障散居少数民族权益,已成为我们需要予以关注的重要问题。与以往研究不同,本文将研究对象聚焦于民族自治地方散居少数民族,即居住在民族自治地方但未实行民族区域自治的少数民族群体,从民族学与法学视角出发,探讨在民族互嵌式社会的构建过程中,如何合理保障各民族权益与完善的法律制度对族际接触、民族关系的影响等问题。 延边朝鲜族自治州(以下简称延边州)是我国唯一的朝鲜族自治州,境内居住着汉族、朝鲜族、满族、回族、蒙古族等各民族,除朝鲜族之外,居住在州内的满族、回族、蒙古族等少数民族都是延边州的散居少数民族,散居少数民族人口占全州总人口比例呈增长趋势。州内各民族共同参与了延边地区的开发建设,在抵抗外来侵略的过程中结下了血浓于水的深厚友谊。自1952年自治州成立以来,各族人民在党的领导下携手共建,自治州经济建设和各项社会事业均取得重要发展,多次被评为国家民族团结进步模范单位。目前延边州各民族互嵌式社会发展良好,各族居民居住环境相互嵌入,经济上相互依存,民族通婚日渐普遍,文化交流日益加深。本文通过在延边州的田野调查工作获取了大量延边州散居少数民族权益保障资料,运用田野调查法、文献分析法和比较分析法等研究方法,分析研究我国散居少数民族权益保障法律制度、延边州散居少数民族权益保障实践情况,特别是通过对延边州自治少数民族与散居少数民族权益保障的比较研究,为未来民族自治地方在民族互嵌式社会构建过程中合理保障本地方各民族合法权益提供参考。 目前延边州散居少数民族权益保障所依据的主要有以下两个方面的法律法规:首先是《宪法》《民族区域自治法》各部门法以及行政法规,这些为适用于全国的法律法规。其次是吉林省和延边州制定的,适用于本地方的地方性法规和自治法规。延边州散居少数民族权益可以分为政治权益、经济权益和文化权益等三个方面。政治方面权益有应选人大代表权和担任公职权等权利;经济权益有依法享受为散居少数民族提供的各项经济及政策优惠的权利等;文化权利有受教育、使用本民族语言文字权和保持本民族风俗习惯等权利。 延边州在散居少数民族权益保障方面取得了丰硕的实践成果:政治方面保障在州人民代表大会与人民政府等自治机关的组成人员中有各民族成员;经济方面在散居少数民族相对聚居的民族乡结合当地特点发展特色经济。文化方面保护和发展满族剪纸这一非物质文化遗产,强化了对散居少数民族传统文化的保护。目前延边州散居少数民族的权益保障虽然成果喜人,但也面临许多亟待解决的问题。首先是缺少专门法律法规的支撑,其次自治立法规范过于笼统缺少结合本地方实际情况的实施细则。如何平等保护本地方各民族合法权益是延边州散居少数民族权益保障面临的最大挑战。 全方位强化延边州散居少数民族权益保障需要运用立法保障、司法保障以及社会保障等途径。立法保障需要进一步完善国家相关法律法规,例如制定专门的散居少数民族权益保障法,规范法律规定中散居少数民族的概念范围;对与散居少数民族权益保障密切相关的《民族区域自治法》《城市民族工作条例》《民族乡工作条例》进行修订完善;完善地方性法规与自治立法相关规定,特别是自治立法的制定,需要结合本地方实际情况制定切实可行的实施细则。司法保障需要切实保障散居少数民族诉讼权利实现,完善矛盾纠纷多元解决机制。社会保障需要加强民族政策法规宣传,增强公民权利意识。 民族自治地方散居少数民族权益保护是影响本地方民族关系重要因素,公正合理地保障散居少数民族权益,必将促进积极有效的族际接触,推动民族互嵌式社会的发展。民族自治地方的自治法规立法要合理平衡对各民族权益的照顾政策,在自治立法工作中考虑本地方各民族实际情况,运用法律规范实现各民族权益保障的公平公正,做到各美其美、美美与共,发挥法律制度对族际接触的积极促进作用。同时散居少数民族权益的实现需要民族自治地方各民族共同努力,各民族既相互竞争又同时是相互依存、互利共生的命运共同体。民族自治地方的发展建设离不开本地方各民族的努力奋斗,只有共同努力建设共同家园才能共享发展成果,社会发展是权益保障的现实基础。而且散居少数民族权益保障工作离不开本地方各民族工作者的认真执行,少数民族离不开汉族,汉族离不开少数民族,少数民族离不开少数民族。通过国家政策与法律制度的调控,各民族的合法权益得到妥善保护,民族关系和谐发展,推动各民族相互嵌入式社会深入发展,铸牢中华民族共同体意识。 |
外摘要要: |
The issue of diaspora minorities in China has been studied for a long time, and the academic community usually defines diaspora minorities as ethnic minorities living in non-national autonomous areas, as well as ethnic minorities living in national autonomous areas that have not yet implemented regional ethnic autonomy. With the development of urbanization and the population movement of ethnic minorities, China has begun to pay attention to the issue of safeguarding the rights and interests of diaspora minority groups, especially those living in cities. In addition, discussions on issues related to China's ethnic townships also involve the protection of the rights and interests of ethnic minorities living in the diaspora. At present, with the continuous evolution of China's ethnic population distribution pattern, as well as the gradual development of the country's work to build a mutually embedded society for all ethnic groups, the diaspora minority groups in the national autonomous areas are bound to grow stronger and stronger in the future. Therefore, taking measures to safeguard the rights and interests of the diaspora minorities has become an important issue that we need to pay attention to. Different from previous studies, this paper focuses on the diaspora minorities in the national autonomous areas, i.e., the minority groups living in the national autonomous areas but not practicing the regional ethnic autonomy, and discusses how to reasonably safeguard the rights and interests of the various ethnic groups and the impact of a perfect legal system on the inter-ethnic contacts and ethnic relations in the process of the construction of the ethnic inter-embedding society from the perspectives of ethnology and jurisprudence. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (hereinafter referred to as Yanbian Prefecture) is the only Korean Autonomous Prefecture in China, inhabited by Han, Korean, Manchu, Hui, Mongolian and other ethnic groups., and in addition to Koreans, the Manchus, Hui, Mongolia and other minorities residing in the Prefecture are all diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture. The proportion of the diaspora minority population in the total population of the Prefecture is on a growing trend. All ethnic groups in the prefecture have participated in the development and construction of Yanbian area together, and in the process of resisting foreign invasion, they have formed a deep friendship in which blood is thicker than water. Since the establishment of Yanbian Prefecture in 1952, people of all ethnic groups have worked hand in hand under the leadership of the Party to build up the autonomous prefecture, and the prefecture has made important development in economic construction and various social undertakings, and has been honored as a national unit of national unity and progress for many times. At present, the inter-embedded society of various ethnic groups in Yanbian Prefecture has developed well, living environment embedded in each other,, economically interdependent, inter-ethnic intermarriage becoming more and more common, and cultural exchanges are deepening day by day. This paper obtains a large amount of information on the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture through fieldwork in Yanbian Prefecture, and uses research methods such as fieldwork method, literature analysis method and comparative analysis method to analyze and study the legal system of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in China and the practice of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture. In particular, through the comparative research on the rights and interests of self-governing minorities and the diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture, the study can provide references for the future ethnic autonomous areas to reasonably safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups in the process of constructing an ethnic inter-embedding society. At present, the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture is mainly based on the following two laws and regulations: firstly, the Constitution, the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, the laws of various departments and administrative regulations, which are applicable to the whole country. Secondly, there are the local regulations and autonomous regulations formulated by Jilin Province and Yanbian Prefecture, which are applicable to the localities. The rights and interests of the diaspora minorities living in Yanbian Prefecture can be categorized into three aspects: political,economic and cultural rights and interests. Political rights and interests include the right to be elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress and the right to hold public powers; Economic rights and interests include the right to enjoy the economic and policy concessions provided to the diaspora minorities in accordance with the law; Cultural rights and interests include the right to receive education, the right to use their own language and script and the right to maintain their own customs and habits. Yanbian Prefecture has achieved fruitful practical results in safeguarding the rights and interests of the diaspora minorities: politically,it ensures that members of all ethnic groups are included in the membership of autonomous organs such as the Prefecture's People's Congresses and People's Governments; Economically,it develops a distinctive economy that takes into account the local characteristics of the ethnic townships in which diaspora minorities have a relatively high concentration; On the cultural front, the protection and development of the intangible cultural heritage of Manchu paper-cutting has strengthened the protection of the traditional cultures of diaspora minorities. At present, although the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture has achieved gratifying results, it also faces many problems that need to be solved urgently:Firstly, there is a lack of support from specialized laws and regulations, and secondly, the norms in the autonomous legislation are too general and there are no implementation rules that take into account the actual situation of the localities. How to equally protect the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups in Yanbian Prefecture is the biggest challenge facing the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture. To strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in Yanbian Prefecture in an all-round way, it is necessary to utilize legislative , judicial and social security measures. Legislative protection requires further improvement of relevant national laws and regulations, such as the formulation of a special law on the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities and the standardization of the conceptual scope of diaspora minorities in legal provisions; Revise and improve the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, the Regulations on the Work of Ethnic Minorities in Cities and the Regulations on the Work of Ethnic Townships which are closely related to the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities;To improve the relevant provisions of the local regulations and autonomy legislation, especially the formulation of prefecture autonomy legislation, it is necessary to formulate practical implementation rules in light of the actual local conditions. Judicial safeguards need to effectively guarantee the realization of the litigation rights of diaspora minorities, and improve the mechanism for the multifaceted resolution of conflicts and disputes. Social security requires strengthening the publicity of ethnic policies and regulations and raising awareness of citizens' rights. The protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities in national autonomous areas is an important factor affecting local ethnic relations, and the fair and reasonable protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities will surely promote positive and effective inter-ethnic contacts and promote the development of ethnic inter-embedded society. The legislation on autonomy in national autonomous areas should reasonably balance the policy of caring for the rights and interests of all ethnic groups, take into account the actual situation of ethnic groups of the area in the work of autonomy legislation, apply legal norms to realize fairness and justice in the protection of the rights and interests of the ethnic groups, so as to achieve that each has its own beauty, beauty and beauty together and give full play to the positive role of the legal system in promoting inter-ethnic contacts. At the same time, the realization of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities requires the joint efforts of all ethnic groups in the national autonomous areas, which are not only competing with each other, but also a community with a shared future that is interdependent and mutually beneficial. The development and construction of national autonomous areas cannot be separated from the efforts of all nationalities in the area, and only through joint efforts to build a common home can we share the fruits of development, and social development is the realistic basis for the protection of the rights and interests. Moreover, the protection of the rights and interests of diaspora minorities is inseparable from the earnest implementation of workers of all ethnic groups. Ethnic minorities are inseparable from the Han nationality, the Han nationality is inseparable from ethnic minorities and ethnic minorities are inseparable from ethnic minorities.. Through the regulation of national policies and legal systems, the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups will be properly protected, the ethnic relations will develop harmoniously, the mutually embedded society of all ethnic groups will be promoted to develop in depth, and the sense of community of the Chinese nation will be forged firmly. |
参考文献: |
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开放日期: | 2027-08-17 |