自中共十九大以来国家高度重视乡村振兴工作，乡村景观的发展建设得到人们的关注。习近平总书记在党的二十大报告强调：“加快建设农业强国，扎实推动乡村产业、人才、文化、生态、组织振兴。”乡村地区通常承载着悠久的历史和文化传统，乡村景观中的建筑、村庄、古迹、传统手工艺等都代表着人们的过去，是宝贵的文化遗产。同时，许多人也会选择乡村作为旅游目的地，来体验自然风光、乡村体验和丰富的文化活动。要留下美丽乡愁，人们不仅要有乡愁的情怀，还应有文化情怀和实际行动。然而，近年来在城镇化的快速推进下，村落空心化的问题日益严重，乡村景观正面临着各种各样的问题，个别乡村景观在建设中存在破坏自然环境和原有风貌、发展模式缺乏特色或缺乏有效维护和管理等情况。另外，在互联网快速发展的大数据时代背景下，人们对关心的事件和切身体验更愿意通过新浪微博等网络平台来表达自己的观点。微博拥有极其庞大的用户基数和良好的商业模式，用户群体高度活跃，在互联网平台中具有不可或缺的影响力。鉴于此，本文基于文本挖掘和LDA主题模型的舆情分析方法，以乡村景观为研究对象，通过Python采集和清洗数据后得到2011年至2023年共计85352条有效微博，并且利用SnowNLP情感分析和LDA模型实现情绪主题挖掘和强度分析。这一分析有助于政策制定和乡村景观建设者了解公众对乡村景观的态度，明确公众对于乡村景观关注的主题内容，找出消极情绪的来源。

主要的研究工作与结论如下：

本研究使用Python库SnowNLP模块来进行情感分析。针对乡村景观的数据训练自定义模型，然后进行情感分析。研究发现，2011-2023年公众对乡村景观的关注度持续上升，尤其在2017年开始快速上涨，这与乡村振兴战略的提出密切相关。利用LDA主题模型对清洗数据后的得到的乡村景观微博进行主题提取和可视化展示，研究结果表明公众对于乡村景观的情绪偏向积极和正面。

公众对乡村景观产生的积极情绪主要体现在：乡村旅游生态系统和乡村产业生态圈完善、乡村艺术风光优美、历史文化丰富、乡村振兴计划充分落实、乡村发展规划和旅游景区规划科学、乡村社区发展稳定、景区住宿服务优良、景观类型丰富、乡村周边设施规划完善等。公众对乡村景观产生的消极情绪主要体现在：乡村建设和规划不完善、综合发展较慢、生态景观建设不足、农业生产与农业发展不足、乡村生态保护与治理不够严格、文化遗产保护力度较弱、村民生活质量较低、产业建设不足、基础设施落后、智能化设备不足、旅游发展亟待提高、政策实施不力等相关问题。

良好的乡村旅游生态系统、乡村美化工程的整治、乡村振兴战略示范带、乡村发展的运营、乡村社区发展的统一、乡村绿化的发展、乡村水生态的建设、乡村生态园的建设、乡村花海景观的设计、乡村周边设施的建设和多样的乡村景观建设方式可更好的激发出公众的积极情绪。

针对上述研究结果，本文提出以下对策：一是加强乡村景观设计，树立鲜明特色。提升乡村景观设计的实用性和美观性，充分挖掘和利用乡村景观特色，注重乡村景观与农业生产的结合。二是提升村民生活环境与质量。在保护乡村生态环境的基础上，充分改善居住条件和基础设施，提升公共服务水平。三是建立大数据舆情管理机制。应用客观的网络大数据进行分析，通过大数据系统、无人机、遥感技术等，实现对乡村景观的实时和动态监测，充分利用利用增强现实（AR）和虚拟现实（VR）技术，建立数字化保护平台。

本文通过对乡村景观舆情的分析，帮助决策者更清晰的了解舆情在社交平台中的传播机制，从而能更有针对性的提出解决方案，这对乡村景观未来的发展具有重要意义。

Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has attached great importance to rural revitalization work, and the development and construction of rural landscapes in China have received widespread attention.   Meanwhile, many people also choose rural areas as tourist destinations to experience natural scenery, rural experiences, and rich cultural activities. To leave behind beautiful homesickness, people should not only have nostalgia, but also cultural sentiments and practical actions. However, in recent years, with the rapid advancement of urbanization, the problem of hollowing out villages has become increasingly serious, and rural landscapes are facing various problems. Some rural landscapes in construction may damage the natural environment and original style, lack distinctive development models, or lack effective maintenance and management. In addition, in the era of big data with the rapid development of the Internet, people are more willing to express their views on the events they care about and their personal experiences through Sina Weibo and other online platforms. Weibo has an extremely large user base and a good business model. The user group is highly active and has an indispensable influence in the Internet platform. In view of this, this article is based on text mining and LDA topic model public opinion analysis methods, taking rural landscapes as the research object. After collecting and cleaning data through Python, a total of 85352 valid Weibo posts were obtained from 2011 to 2023. SnowNLP sentiment analysis and LDA model were used to achieve sentiment topic mining and intensity analysis. This analysis helps policy makers and rural landscape builders understand the public's attitude towards rural landscapes, clarify the theme of public concern for rural landscapes, and identify the sources of negative emotions.

The main research work and conclusions are as follows:

1. This study used the SnowNLP module of the Python library for sentiment analysis. Train a custom model for rural landscape data and then perform sentiment analysis. Research has found that the public's attention to rural landscapes has continued to increase from 2011 to 2023, especially rapidly since 2017, which is closely related to the proposal of rural revitalization strategies. The LDA theme model was used to extract and visualize the themes of the rural landscape Weibo obtained after data cleaning. The research results showed that the public's emotions towards rural landscapes tended to be positive and positive.

The positive emotions generated by the public towards rural landscapes are mainly reflected in the improvement of rural tourism ecosystems and industrial ecosystems, beautiful rural artistic landscapes, rich historical and cultural heritage, full implementation of rural revitalization plans, scientific planning of rural development and tourist attractions, stable development of rural communities, excellent accommodation services in scenic areas, diverse landscape types, and improved planning of rural surrounding facilities. The negative emotions generated by the public towards rural landscapes are mainly reflected in: incomplete rural construction and planning, slow rural comprehensive development, insufficient rural ecological landscape construction, insufficient agricultural production and development, inadequate rural ecological protection and governance, weak protection of rural cultural heritage, low quality of life of villagers, insufficient industrial construction, outdated rural infrastructure, insufficient intelligent equipment, urgent need to improve tourism development, and weak policy implementation.

2. A good rural tourism ecosystem, the renovation of rural beautification projects, the demonstration zone of rural revitalization strategy, the operation of rural development, the unity of rural community development, the development of rural greening, the construction of rural water ecology, the construction of rural ecological parks, the design of rural flower landscapes, the construction of rural surrounding facilities, and various rural landscape construction methods can better stimulate the positive emotions of the public.

3. In response to the above research results, this article proposes the following countermeasures: firstly, strengthen rural landscape design and establish distinctive features. Fully utilize landscape design methods to enhance the practicality and aesthetics of rural landscape design, fully tap and utilize the characteristics of rural landscape, and pay attention to the combination of rural landscape and agricultural production. The second is to improve the living environment and quality of villagers. On the basis of protecting the rural ecological environment, fully improve living conditions and infrastructure, and enhance the level of public services. The third is to establish a big data public opinion management mechanism. Using objective network big data for analysis, real-time and dynamic monitoring of rural landscapes can be achieved through big data systems, drones, remote sensing technology, etc. By fully utilizing augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies, a digital protection platform can be established.

This article analyzes the public opinion of rural landscapes to help decision-makers have a clearer understanding of the dissemination mechanism of public opinion on social platforms, so as to propose more targeted solutions. This is of great significance for the future development of rural landscapes.

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